Cash Flow Forecasts
 © Copyright  Bundaberg Business Brokers & Development Consultants 2008

A cash flow forecast is the tool used by all successful businesses to 
control their cash flow
  and
fiscal policy.

Running your household finances are no different: The principles are the same.

A cash flow forecast reminds me of the dash board of our car. If we only had two dials, one for speed and the other for distance then we probably wouldn’t travel very far at all without major repairs and maintenance. However, the dash board of our car tells us a lot more than just speed and distance.

It tells us the current status of everything that keeps the car running properly. Importantly, when we see the temperature gauge indicate the engine is running too hot, the simple thing to do is put water into the radiator at little or no cost. The engine will then return to nominal status. Because you identified the rising temperature early, you avoided an entire engine rebuild with only the minimum inconvenience, simply by acting promptly. Basically, the monitoring system, and your reaction avoided disaster.

You see a cash flow forecast is just the same as the dashboard of your car. The problem is that many businesses only watch two elements with their business. How high their sales are and how high their costs are, and if they see the costs are less than their sales they think everything is alright. More often than not, when they find there’s not the expected amount of available funds then sometimes it’s too late and the business is allowed to slowly self destruct, with only a rebuild in sight.

By operating a cash flow forecast you will be able to identify a problem almost as it occurs, just like the boiling water in the radiator. If your expenses are unexpectedly high, you will be able to identify where in the business, or which category the money is being used excessively. You may notice you spent far more than expected on communications, and because you have identified where, you are able to do something about it before you get the next set of communication accounts in. A cash flow forecast is the dashboard to your business decisions.

One of the major problems facing most businesses is the lack of money or working capital. Cash flows in and out of a business. It flows in from cash sales, people settling their accounts, money you borrow, and additional capital raised. It flows out to pay wages, stock, expenses, dividends, loan principal and interest.

Imagine that you are trying to fill a bucket with water. A very easy task if the water is flowing in and there is no hole in the bottom of the bucket. A much harder task if there is a hole in the bucket. An impossible task if the outflow through the hole is greater than the inflow. We all know the dilemma poor old Henry faced in trying to fix that hole in the bucket.

A business without a Cash Flow Forecast is like a ship without a captain, and will most likely end up high and dry because there has been nobody to make informed decisions to steer direction towards a planned destination. Yes you've heard it all before, because it really is a simple fact, that if you don't plan your income and expenditure, you will spend all of your money and leave yourself, family, bank, business and employees all vulnerable.

A Cash Flow Forecast is basically a spread sheet that will identify the level of funding you will need for the future, formulated from your level of commitments of the past. A cash flow forecast is exactly what the name implies. It is a forecast, an estimate, a calculated estimate, and when you get in the swing of using it you will agree it is nothing more than a financial choreography but it's essential for success. Below is a general picture of what they look like.

Overdraft (  )

June July August September
Forecast Actual Forecast Actual Forecast Actual Forecast Actual
Opening Balance + 50 ( 235 ) ( 200 ) ( 535 ) 10 ( 105 ) 360 370
Car Payments         100 125 100 125
Rent 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500
Raw Materials 350 320 400 390 350 500 600 550
Salaries & Wages 1000 980 1000 980 1200 1100 1200 1200
Total Expenses 1850 1800 1900 1870 2150 2225 2200 2375
Sub Balance ( 1800) ( 2035 ) ( 2100 ) ( 2405 ) ( 2140 ) ( 2330 ) ( 2040 ) ( 2005 )
Sales: Cash In 1600 1500 2110 2300 2500 2700 2800 2625
Closing Balance ( 200 ) ( 535 ) 10 ( 105 ) 360 370 760 620

Forecast Notes: The assumption is Male. It is a basic example. Click here for detailed version. pdf 193 kb.

  1. When he prepared the forecast he estimated he would have $50 in the bank on the 1st June, but starts with an actual overdraft of ( $235.)

  2. He over-estimated his Salary & Wages for each month when he prepared the forecast.

  3. He planned to purchase a vehicle in August. He expected his repayments to be $100 per month, but they turned out to be $125 per month.

  4. Note that the Closing Balance is transferred to the Opening Balance for the following month.

  5. He identified in August there has been a sharp rise in the cost of raw materials. 

  6. He planned wages to go up because he hired an additional person mid August.  

  7. When he prepared the forecast he expected by the end of September to have $760 in the bank, but ended up with $620.

Whether its your business, or your home living expenses the same cash flow forecast applies. At home you apply all of your expense categories as you would in your business, and if you forecast your expense levels in relation to what you paid last year, plus say 6% then your forecast expense budget should be close to accurate. If you take expected sales, (or income) based on current trends, and take into account, holidays periods and other down-time factors, then reduce them by say 5% per month, then you will be embedding a buffer for error. In other words, deflate income and over estimate expenses. This is a very general description. You should click on the Lab when you finish this page.

If you have a need to replace or upgrade plant and equipment, new vehicles or additional staff, you can schedule them for the months ahead. Your forecast offers you early identification of perhaps a problem area, where excessive spending has been unidentified. When you identify the excessive area from your forecast you can initiate control measures. By knowing what you need each month, you can easily work out the level of daily sales and expenses, it also identifies weaknesses within your customer credit policy by showing sales for the month as opposed to cash in for the same and following month. If unknown these matters could severely limit your progress towards attaining your goals.

One of the predominant problems in business today is "Impulse Buying". Marketing strategies of today have become so powerful with subliminal suggestion, many of us get caught up with "the bargain of the century" mentality. And that's exactly what advertising is designed to do. Nothing wrong with that.

Your Cash Flow Forecast helps you overcome the need or want emotion. It identifies your limits, at any given time. Usually a copy of your cash flow forecast is held by your bank, as loans and overdrafts are based on the contents of your forecast. When you have been identified by your bank as a responsible manager by adhering to your plan, you will find your bank will be a lot more responsive to your requirements, rather than that of a person without a plan.

Cost or Investment ?

The return on your investment goes far beyond financial gain. Knowing you constantly operate within your financial constraints and being prepared for unforeseen contingencies gives you a peace of mind unparalleled in business today. This reflects not only in your management techniques and attitudes, but also in your family relations. The cost of preparing a cash flow forecast in the past may have been up as high as two thousand dollars, but readily available software has put the tool within the range of every business.

People have lots of reasons why their business is not making the profit they expect. They blame the economy, GST, competition and often the attitude of buyers, but never themselves. There is only ONE real reason a business becomes unviable, and that's the captain. Businesses that have gone broke in the past usually had their plan in their head. That means they can change their plan at any time and nobody else will ever know.  Your plan must be in writing, and it must be completed every month by yourself or your bookkeeper to keep it current. Sooner or later, if you are unable to accurately forecast your cash flow into the future you may very well find yourself in a forced sale scenario, and that makes everything you do until then a complete waste of time and mental energy.

What you will need to do if you engage someone:-

bullet

Set aside at least a day for consultation. 

bullet

Access and refer to all of your last years operating accounts. 

bullet

Identify what your plans are for the following twelve months.

bulletOn completion you will need to set aside another ½ day for final consultation.

MS-Office and Office-Pro include Excel and MS-Access. Both include tutorials, hints and tips.   

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